{"id":"W4310095317","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0278072","title":"Drug utilization patterns before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba, Canada: A population-based study","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Manitoba Health; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; University of Manitoba","funders":"Research Manitoba","keywords":"Medicine; Pandemic; Medical prescription; Population; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Demography; Environmental health; Prescription drug; Emergency medicine; Internal medicine; Pharmacology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001092199,0.00007708558,0.0001553761,0.00006968996,0.0003240371,0.000004289198,0.000077586,0.00003041268,0.0002037849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003513379,0.00007740015,0.000009869774,0.00009297851,0.00001281944,0.00002103391,0.0000552499,0.0001669295,0.000001732847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000317545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001623571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.42249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9609374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999277,0.0001565269,0.0001622619,0.0001918396,0.00006082068,0.0001515559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997488,0.00004355546,0.00005957838,0.0001174396,0.00001134324,0.00001934294],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006288422,0.0007179082,0.9964971,0.00008730801,0.00006438202,0.00002079694,0.0006115722,0.00006550071,0.001814215,0.000007629644,0.00001901994,0.00003170933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001235916,0.00006292717,0.9949808,0.00002803951,0.00003835287,0.000002884195,0.00308961,0.00002545429,0.0004101164,0.00001544713,0.00002460944,0.0000859145],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989443,0.0003390314,0.000007986965,0.0001938685,0.0000537597,0.0003630124,0.00006268663,0.00002888299,0.000006471366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991399,0.000008923505,0.000004046809,0.0002361396,0.000008329953,0.00002179536,0.0001670656,0.000008806479,0.0004050038],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5384474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5813557,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04158824499311637,"score_gpt":0.2371748641284155,"score_spread":0.1955866191352991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}