{"id":"W4310251931","doi":"10.1287/mnsc.2022.4574","title":"Competition and Innovation in Markets for Technology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management Science","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Licensee; Competitor analysis; Panel data; Industrial organization; Innovator; Product market; Product (mathematics); Investment (military); Business; Quality (philosophy); Economics; Marketing; Incentive; Microeconomics; License; Finance; Entrepreneurship","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009352761,0.00004987386,0.00004909883,0.001659685,0.0004548007,0.00009332233,0.0002241806,0.000008873046,0.0001463352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005199661,0.00004904216,0.000005953006,0.003720841,0.0001037184,0.0004283229,0.0004810733,0.00005466426,0.00001762026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003816247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004009402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001763418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005035088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993132,0.000002947452,0.0001272703,0.0002149578,0.0001736021,0.0001679708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998044,0.000007268777,0.0000555184,0.00008532553,0.00004553861,0.000001886963],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005724504,0.00006171179,0.006569359,0.0001025575,0.000002715097,0.000004249494,0.0000460921,0.0001314985,0.0007725668,0.9575351,0.001195354,0.03352159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001535078,0.00006556839,0.04077937,0.00004716168,0.00001614682,0.000003661657,0.002381392,0.08781354,0.0002553967,0.1144515,0.7522615,0.0003896047],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8924456,0.00001936559,0.002979287,0.002958697,0.0004219374,0.0007696411,0.000001288651,0.00007897452,0.1003252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970728,0.000002181439,0.0003068492,0.001527795,0.00002648141,0.0001276212,0.000007597672,0.000003922091,0.0009247449],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8430835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3498006,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06821158106831726,"score_gpt":0.2340558468771343,"score_spread":0.165844265808817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}