{"id":"W4311127217","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.11.127","title":"Recent experimental advances on the utilization of biochar as a tar reforming catalyst: A review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Western University; Government of Ontario","keywords":"Biochar; tar (computing); Syngas; Biomass gasification; Biomass (ecology); Catalysis; Waste management; Environmental science; Renewable energy; Wood gas generator; Chemical engineering; Pyrolysis; Process engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Biofuel; Organic chemistry; Computer science; Engineering; Coal","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002374642,0.0002453629,0.0006586309,0.0002310847,0.00002957982,0.00001172768,0.0009822524,0.00006932407,0.001728641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001458953,0.0001616416,0.0004157274,0.0002787638,0.00003538104,0.0001370181,0.0001151829,0.0002202314,0.00001219136],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004481329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000125461,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000477486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.927054e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979939,0.00007749938,0.0009136626,0.000136166,0.0007632941,0.0001154053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986506,0.0001515549,0.0008119534,0.0001777619,0.0001517155,0.00005645737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001706662,0.00006200324,5.160065e-8,0.001838565,0.0006339031,0.00005057203,0.00003747995,0.00004975481,0.001170435,0.000387277,0.000605329,0.9951476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007776188,0.00005307991,1.694537e-9,0.009057477,0.00012286,0.000307841,0.00003391903,0.000005921114,0.1274407,0.00003816392,0.8627381,0.0001241586],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002642804,0.9983087,0.000006992215,0.0000756333,0.0006030739,0.0000897087,0.00003417678,0.00001735244,0.0006000407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001528004,0.9979699,0.00001387388,0.0001595149,0.0001436227,0.0000309391,0.00008574381,0.00004146067,0.00002694818],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9950234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03676538491245152,"score_gpt":0.3111193732239161,"score_spread":0.2743539883114646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}