{"id":"W4311165496","doi":"10.1257/jel.20201330","title":"Legal Markets","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Economic Literature","topic":"Occupational and Professional Licensing Regulation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Schwartz/Reisman Emergency Medicine Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Investment (military); Globalization; Economics; Market economy; China; Business; Economic system; Law; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007022622,0.00007703104,0.0002217185,0.0002388826,0.0001503002,0.00007756573,0.0001724191,0.00004032166,0.001876453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002541195,0.0000795842,0.0001517746,0.00009349579,0.00001252473,0.0004372682,0.00005345708,0.0003176732,0.00006348388],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002085189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005552282,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003918915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.388717e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991068,0.00003024071,0.0006009315,0.0001191328,0.00003772264,0.0001051763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990184,0.00005285998,0.0007412005,0.0001024534,0.00003327801,0.00005175468],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003398908,0.00008385967,0.03907865,0.00001670523,0.00008068567,0.00003714795,0.0005685147,0.00224692,0.0000371535,0.898562,0.05819308,0.0007554038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006108756,0.0001042909,0.07289299,0.0000211657,0.000004069759,0.000342487,0.0000429348,0.0009115295,0.00001701116,0.09258366,0.8323237,0.0001453043],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9484312,0.006556268,0.00006999027,0.003497829,0.00510219,0.00008532285,0.0003773716,0.000009605525,0.03587023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929227,0.00002323652,0.0006184512,0.0005481079,0.0006472063,0.000001987953,0.00002897158,0.00001079003,0.005198571],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8059784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999036,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01412328347414593,"score_gpt":0.2265252430025673,"score_spread":0.2124019595284214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}