{"id":"W4311773313","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2022.106265","title":"Pack-level performance of electric vehicle batteries in second-life electricity grid energy services","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Storage","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Battery (electricity); Automotive engineering; Energy storage; Battery pack; Electric-vehicle battery; Electricity; Electric vehicle; Electrical engineering; Internal resistance; Depth of discharge; Engineering; Computer science; Simulation; Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002903161,0.0003810185,0.0005532188,0.0003782966,0.0003272469,0.0008781391,0.0005562699,0.0006400354,0.007973935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007797527,0.0001465584,0.0003370609,0.0005872225,0.000274288,0.001138776,0.0004122423,0.0003511027,0.001384875],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007039215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002622421,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003945343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006282414,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997043,0.00003723244,0.00001682826,0.00004414417,0.00007097785,0.0001264692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994559,0.0001624015,0.00002648905,0.00005347385,0.0002489302,0.00005297398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.03160943,0.001333069,0.1052627,0.0008895521,0.0005436722,0.002151276,0.001055074,0.3554314,0.3571887,0.005319264,0.01705715,0.1221587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002747127,0.006786605,0.1099224,0.00007784825,0.0002698053,0.001044958,0.001913263,0.5590253,0.3116253,0.002646058,0.006282794,0.0001309395],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958535,0.0001815623,0.0009118119,0.00005961769,0.00002499961,0.000005936038,0.0004810285,0.0001847955,0.002296709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998869,0.0000216065,0.00005626831,0.00001152153,0.000002515777,0.000001507033,0.0002257952,0.00001167107,0.00080005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007973935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02667546,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01118306851411731,"score_gpt":0.2162308742874156,"score_spread":0.2050478057732983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}