{"id":"W4312081217","doi":"10.1111/1475-5890.12314","title":"Projecting the fiscal impact of immigration in the European Union","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fiscal Studies","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"European union; Immigration; Net migration rate; Economics; Welfare state; Microsimulation; Population ageing; Fiscal policy; Welfare; Member states; Eu countries; Population; Demographic economics; International economics; Development economics; Political science; Population growth; Macroeconomics; Demography; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003354422,0.00004927978,0.00007284191,0.00002620529,0.0009006287,0.00002295149,0.0001977856,0.000008888442,0.00003094343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002295202,0.00002499586,0.00005780797,0.0004440083,0.0001222198,0.0000493479,0.00008411828,0.0001445941,0.000001693042],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009310202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002479211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00247606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03371818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970612,0.002324564,0.0001398386,0.00007792721,0.0002775083,0.0001189913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995806,0.0002263516,0.00007592016,0.00007873424,0.00002950741,0.000008920949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001346102,0.0001018345,0.1173009,0.000006323251,0.0000487554,0.000003037249,0.844424,0.001319653,0.00005831374,0.008483698,0.01487639,0.01336367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001556266,0.0001347703,0.4647537,0.00000760585,0.00001211743,0.000001082374,0.5086981,0.0008854106,0.000002282007,0.0007935938,0.024472,0.0000836829],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9721349,0.0002570311,0.00003582735,0.01017541,0.0001142266,0.0002493179,0.00001333258,0.0000164576,0.01700352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992576,0.00009466938,0.000005965843,0.00008784953,0.00009519512,0.00002037001,0.000004747008,0.000003111432,0.0004305475],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3474529,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.983914,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04365184401662636,"score_gpt":0.354940550655937,"score_spread":0.3112887066393106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}