{"id":"W4312192488","doi":"10.1063/5.0132129","title":"Computational fluid dynamics investigation of bitumen residues in oil sands tailings transport in an industrial horizontal pipe","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Drilling and Well Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Tailings; Oil sands; Asphalt; Slurry; Petroleum engineering; Particle-size distribution; Drag; Computational fluid dynamics; Bubble; Multiphase flow; Pressure drop; Fraction (chemistry); Particle size; Geotechnical engineering; Environmental science; Geology; Materials science; Mechanics; Environmental engineering; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Chromatography; Composite material; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002162952,0.0001156954,0.0002254363,0.0001597314,0.00002102203,0.000004372796,0.000130594,0.00004814621,0.000005423243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005183524,0.0001519576,0.00004132415,0.0004465709,0.00003314234,0.0001706074,0.00001693854,0.0002401429,2.484607e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001307225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005205423,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002084868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005759814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991015,0.00002270287,0.0003664414,0.0001267487,0.0002393053,0.0001433069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997628,0.00003722285,0.00003229821,0.0001055494,0.00002558611,0.00003648162],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001921684,0.00003648882,0.02308512,0.00006453721,0.00001038407,0.000002113204,0.001159983,0.9400287,0.03237345,0.0009195711,0.000006952342,0.002293494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007583909,0.0001060686,0.004062761,0.00005461375,0.000008024714,5.307227e-7,0.0001557012,0.9778531,0.01507577,0.001756911,0.000009661778,0.0001584907],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944087,0.00005342198,0.005049674,0.0000141124,0.0001701506,0.00004923144,0.00005309084,0.00005629535,0.0001453619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998885,0.00001054027,0.0006886827,0.000002972725,0.00007040818,0.00001446272,0.0002968628,0.00002698077,0.000004139166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03782439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6196651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01365161456467197,"score_gpt":0.2046228157570144,"score_spread":0.1909712011923424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}