{"id":"W4312218524","doi":"10.1111/rec.13861","title":"Effects of high‐carbon wood ash biochar on volunteer vegetation establishment and community composition on metal mine tailings","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Restoration Ecology","topic":"Coal and Its By-products","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biochar; Tailings; Amendment; Environmental science; Charcoal; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental chemistry; Revegetation; Biomass (ecology); Pyrolysis; Ecological succession; Agronomy; Chemistry; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004124129,0.00008917436,0.0001516858,0.0001423903,0.0003129682,0.00001312657,0.00008305319,0.00003990846,0.0001063254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009472109,0.00008475925,0.00001721317,0.0001795276,0.00005177354,0.00009374846,0.00002283231,0.0002466853,0.00001526388],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002156443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002859735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001532952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001209631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987349,0.0006319063,0.0001646709,0.000159822,0.000190209,0.0001185244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993168,0.0003439723,0.0001289542,0.0001253319,0.00004756338,0.0000373616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0057417,0.006112835,0.2271932,0.001642256,0.0004539193,0.0001051181,0.01377899,0.193838,0.4663904,0.005387822,0.004731013,0.07462477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009060724,0.006193796,0.9514331,0.00001463407,0.00004345407,0.00000885146,0.0001424944,0.003813224,0.03603704,0.0004952771,0.0007555995,0.0001564991],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979498,0.0001590084,0.000004771001,0.0007401829,0.0005605854,0.0002788423,0.00001736659,0.00001922085,0.00027025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991267,0.00001250439,0.00005406821,0.0002772299,0.00005166647,0.000007352697,0.0004044124,0.000002671394,0.00006340435],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7242399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3456382,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009522030045018568,"score_gpt":0.1996471900167332,"score_spread":0.1901251599717147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}