{"id":"W4312218524","doi":"10.1111/rec.13861","title":"Effects of high‐carbon wood ash biochar on volunteer vegetation establishment and community composition on metal mine tailings","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Restoration Ecology","topic":"Coal and Its By-products","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biochar; Tailings; Amendment; Environmental science; Charcoal; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental chemistry; Revegetation; Biomass (ecology); Pyrolysis; Ecological succession; Agronomy; Chemistry; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001856743,0.0003316221,0.0003308648,0.0003492143,0.0006240038,0.0004870851,0.0003511114,0.0002143869,0.0004724224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002763172,0.0002397074,0.0002775108,0.0002489231,0.0004757105,0.0001995167,0.0003145351,0.000254417,0.000126684],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002603046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001227197,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2552355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5794182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997924,0.00001910635,0.000009535967,0.00006274501,0.00005727444,0.00005895209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994412,0.00006353203,0.00009933746,0.00002528043,0.0002074385,0.0001631201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001061498,0.0001515683,0.1345061,0.000113592,0.00004811329,0.000243778,0.0008653001,0.000355898,0.8546268,0.0000243037,0.0001059448,0.007897174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000835693,0.0005689841,0.9662842,0.00000687907,0.000016915,0.00006316735,0.0006907331,0.0004965705,0.03123519,0.00001079198,0.000607454,0.00001080223],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994561,0.00006305756,0.00007882676,0.00000604042,0.000001756679,0.00001247717,0.0001303031,0.000003966357,0.0002474871],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978743,0.0001083491,0.0004822549,0.00002058538,0.000001972635,0.00001796304,0.0002659202,0.000004827776,0.00122385],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2552355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5074998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009522030045018568,"score_gpt":0.1996471900167332,"score_spread":0.1901251599717147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}