{"id":"W4312584258","doi":"10.1109/tits.2022.3211020","title":"A Cross-Layer Defense Method for Blockchain Empowered CBTC Systems Against Data Tampering Attacks","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","topic":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Beijing Municipal Commission of Education; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computer science; Authentication (law); Cyber-physical system; Computer security; Physical layer; Computer network; Key (lock); Distributed computing; Wireless; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009218652,0.0003910697,0.0004725634,0.0003505119,0.0007071951,0.0001548008,0.0006782027,0.000160805,0.00009601165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005518296,0.0004298893,0.0002337405,0.0005266345,0.00004869229,0.0001560316,0.000001733029,0.0005253258,0.00002792793],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000239212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006352238,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002765224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001831551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969529,0.0001583777,0.001055019,0.0006959152,0.0006313075,0.000506479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983377,0.0003441662,0.0001291413,0.0008706917,0.0001329377,0.0001853015],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001160647,0.0001194191,0.00004860034,0.0004850554,0.0002024195,0.00001640131,0.002621642,0.9913692,0.003344125,0.0001024789,0.0003312309,0.001243286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006296671,0.0001289232,0.0000345114,0.0001226889,0.00010108,0.00003107836,0.004125816,0.9456304,0.008871147,0.00000390841,0.03976799,0.0005528077],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1120403,0.0007825096,0.87295,0.00001746908,0.008304967,0.001510338,0.003743206,0.0005492543,0.0001018934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963825,0.0001079105,0.0008995081,0.00003853606,0.0001716881,0.001410921,0.0003292914,0.0001139643,0.0005457344],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8843421,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998153,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0524688359619824,"score_gpt":0.3154406706225067,"score_spread":0.2629718346605243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}