{"id":"W4312586546","doi":"10.1039/9781839167782-00074","title":"Students’ Reasoning in Chemistry Arguments and Designing Resources Using Constructive Alignment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentation theory; Constructive; Granularity; Mathematics education; Computer science; Work (physics); Scientific reasoning; Chemistry; Management science; Epistemology; Psychology; Engineering; Process (computing); Philosophy; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003286472,0.0008426122,0.0004162141,0.001338585,0.0009906287,0.005314531,0.001720699,0.00114108,0.005241255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008660194,0.0003145165,0.0005454625,0.001534048,0.002702944,0.005633921,0.00241366,0.002996105,0.002189801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001452568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00136689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003047681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007419519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973883,0.001695202,0.00009987378,0.0002307472,0.0004820793,0.0001037658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9931887,0.005794577,0.0002103172,0.0002877279,0.0003425702,0.0001761611],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000076545,0.0005035442,0.003342805,0.0007447263,0.00002594179,0.0004408761,0.04354066,0.006542985,0.009317234,0.4633172,0.02116332,0.4509843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000451821,0.0001962254,0.003285561,0.0008652676,0.00003440146,0.0009686413,0.01861429,0.02966616,0.01430497,0.5606791,0.3712564,0.00008378203],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.1005711,0.002006546,0.6038662,0.004502702,0.0003173724,0.0005301951,0.0001522019,0.001054715,0.286999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3334019,0.001675397,0.6035127,0.0007680965,0.00007324215,0.0006434844,0.0004508947,0.0003743816,0.05909993],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005314531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01753372,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04711973442279592,"score_gpt":0.3643631820857429,"score_spread":0.3172434476629469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}