{"id":"W4312693274","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-95995-1_12","title":"Model-Free Classification","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Taxonomy (biology); Set (abstract data type); Computer science; Data set; Geography; Artificial intelligence; Information retrieval; Biology; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001629261,0.0001698905,0.0001498066,0.0001163925,0.0001404305,0.0000852958,0.001615224,0.00009417124,0.001545127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001126634,0.0001589857,0.00009647815,0.00002889273,0.00001768123,0.0001282103,0.0007716044,0.0005078999,0.0002184869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005366202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008019715,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001314872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002755299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988517,0.00001300387,0.0001704286,0.0004476706,0.0003854713,0.0001317436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985082,0.00003026932,0.0001167121,0.001254954,0.00003263181,0.0000572551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[3.571798e-7,0.000003881823,4.159046e-7,0.000003772557,0.000006790545,0.000003707507,0.00003012158,0.0008573988,0.000002078696,0.9375239,0.01653556,0.04503202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004319044,0.00001555046,0.000002066221,0.000003128808,0.000002773589,0.000003995443,4.20262e-7,0.5124052,4.705455e-7,0.1175842,0.3698155,0.0001235497],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[1.188785e-7,0.00004869287,0.372372,0.001642287,0.0001849377,0.00004826112,0.000004013777,0.0002619641,0.6254377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001765325,0.00004005701,0.06737609,0.0004317228,0.00009978502,0.000009055621,0.00002374809,0.00002160947,0.9318214],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8199397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04111124745938666,"score_gpt":0.2491976192293219,"score_spread":0.2080863717699352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}