{"id":"W4312729669","doi":"10.1145/3550198.3550426","title":"Explicit nulls with unsafe nulls","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Null (SQL); Computer science; Compiler; Scala; Programming language; Usability; Operating system; Database; Java","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01319128,0.001871226,0.001759011,0.00171663,0.002543984,0.006854251,0.004914454,0.002656794,0.01969546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04241572,0.002141244,0.003258402,0.00181881,0.005726531,0.0125031,0.01258192,0.006494482,0.009812518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001979337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005844358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004584247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004687572,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9851308,0.002715651,0.002288553,0.002164982,0.006144379,0.001555478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9470483,0.01143642,0.00291607,0.02785196,0.009851622,0.0008956725],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00226392,0.0003822728,0.0367601,0.002432464,0.0004564614,0.002953989,0.00445833,0.01394384,0.0345611,0.497014,0.151202,0.2535715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002641504,0.000196966,0.003563703,0.0009666145,0.0002782223,0.001562901,0.0005036556,0.03267316,0.06853544,0.2107231,0.6802615,0.000470617],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.05073231,0.00154334,0.7996665,0.00390822,0.003019441,0.0003019354,0.004128543,0.1128323,0.02386736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4336473,0.00184237,0.3898486,0.006518942,0.001511739,0.0006782684,0.01174745,0.09365273,0.06055257],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01969546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.069763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1648137774983248,"score_gpt":0.3741416857297129,"score_spread":0.2093279082313881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}