{"id":"W4312949606","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-95864-0_12","title":"Chapter 12: Classification Problems","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Gaussian; Maximum likelihood; Mathematics; Statistics; Pattern recognition (psychology); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002342865,0.001496827,0.001401829,0.00210564,0.001541176,0.005811912,0.001922411,0.002803619,0.03729789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005802851,0.0004835487,0.001178403,0.004488355,0.001596052,0.004683645,0.001560786,0.004372341,0.02001585],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001887259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001384771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001359278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001117567,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977158,0.0006307757,0.0001627553,0.0006171579,0.0007647016,0.000108898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968981,0.002081817,0.000110725,0.0003179692,0.0004995497,0.00009185063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003836397,0.00009632872,0.0004115757,0.001163948,0.00006637898,0.0001478316,0.0002141439,0.005130591,0.0004309994,0.3286479,0.3461735,0.3174784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001341214,0.00002594975,0.000507679,0.0006023908,0.00002311748,0.0003737672,0.0001014811,0.01111774,0.0004254988,0.5132514,0.4735332,0.00002439382],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.004635938,0.1519383,0.3956573,0.02958657,0.007308846,0.0005745935,0.005674931,0.001466144,0.4031574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08025183,0.1449455,0.3561355,0.007427133,0.01928785,0.001569245,0.01554566,0.0009181336,0.3739191],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03729789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1247738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3156579662032596,"score_gpt":0.4086773375133442,"score_spread":0.09301937131008459,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}