{"id":"W4313152172","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-95864-0_6","title":"Chapter 6: Hypothesis Testing and Null Distributions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Multivariate normal distribution; Mathematics; Null distribution; Statistical hypothesis testing; Gaussian; Null hypothesis; Scalar (mathematics); Invertible matrix; Null (SQL); Multivariate statistics; Statistics; Normal distribution; Applied mathematics; Statistical physics; Computer science; Test statistic; Physics; Pure mathematics; Data mining","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005651119,0.001326986,0.001208223,0.001634937,0.0008749069,0.003555049,0.001658393,0.00191066,0.04866101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01867415,0.000667953,0.0007537958,0.001169818,0.002587197,0.002796833,0.00142261,0.004128522,0.02189058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001021225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001436705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005113483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004691153,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957998,0.001837223,0.0001816758,0.0005208285,0.001579242,0.00008122118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9891608,0.008544918,0.0002202079,0.0007024063,0.0012479,0.0001237908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006947458,0.00008811185,0.0003295604,0.001694067,0.0000808629,0.0003273944,0.0005585107,0.004492627,0.001060218,0.502052,0.2234987,0.2657486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001608482,0.00005936995,0.0004022458,0.001484722,0.0000302015,0.0004872053,0.0001212691,0.005059661,0.001258161,0.6260786,0.3649718,0.00003070259],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002086683,0.04623478,0.6302578,0.01187099,0.005064092,0.0008564677,0.00174094,0.001364896,0.3005234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06003405,0.07865502,0.5608522,0.009716294,0.01015978,0.002585977,0.00486106,0.001952697,0.2711829],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04866101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1627873,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2675527184780587,"score_gpt":0.3791653830075853,"score_spread":0.1116126645295266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}