{"id":"W4313210683","doi":"10.3390/app122412753","title":"Tracking the Biogenic Component of Lower-Carbon Intensive, Co-Processed Fuels—An Overview of Existing Approaches","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Radiocarbon dating; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Carbon fibers; Process engineering; Yield (engineering); Component (thermodynamics); Accelerator mass spectrometry; Waste management; Materials science; Engineering; Geology; Metallurgy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00195229,0.0001227734,0.0002554258,0.0001033377,0.0005497883,0.00003766743,0.0009763865,0.00003393452,0.00009248415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001876536,0.00008775076,0.00007866832,0.001126318,0.00106535,0.00008376317,0.0002858138,0.0001904192,7.990431e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005667148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000188181,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001416547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001195183,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979045,0.0002028283,0.0003531263,0.0003639446,0.0008249293,0.0003506585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989682,0.0003014787,0.0001825689,0.0003275539,0.0001658586,0.00005434569],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002440421,0.0004077869,0.001383556,0.0003172123,0.00005617841,0.000006146419,0.003592839,0.06112337,0.06398974,0.8276715,0.00001360086,0.04119409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001857015,0.002685174,0.01004467,0.0001379619,0.0001356374,0.00006137157,0.398497,0.08331424,0.258663,0.2285355,0.01463529,0.001433128],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9528631,0.0009550102,0.0000108104,0.000251279,0.00006117898,0.0001937165,0.00000476732,0.0000249107,0.04563525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999637,0.00001996506,0.000117183,0.00009965646,0.00001951681,0.00005770021,0.000005750192,0.000007317002,0.00003588923],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.599136,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4228583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2550942207623097,"score_gpt":0.3612758352813464,"score_spread":0.1061816145190367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}