{"id":"W4313228380","doi":"10.1561/116.00000017","title":"An Application-Oriented Taxonomy on Spoofing, D isguise and Countermeasures in Speaker Recognition","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing","topic":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Spoofing attack; Taxonomy (biology); Computer science; Speaker recognition; Speech recognition; Computer security; Biology; Botany","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002801122,0.002189399,0.00134443,0.01570507,0.001633437,0.005431535,0.002161989,0.004116011,0.003825838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007582357,0.0006577524,0.001371337,0.01069202,0.003144784,0.01003412,0.002680084,0.00318503,0.002347918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002354253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002953686,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002725892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001852229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953961,0.001004503,0.0008041302,0.0005636563,0.001889664,0.0003419201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9919526,0.004586453,0.001094868,0.0004311192,0.001729168,0.0002057372],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001202146,0.0002401461,0.004089367,0.01548497,0.0001006867,0.0008216572,0.003807622,0.002999281,0.00600749,0.2167848,0.03523457,0.7143092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001223691,0.0003230645,0.004294456,0.009852531,0.0001320253,0.003226345,0.002311752,0.004939857,0.002589555,0.06677365,0.905401,0.0001435021],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.008762762,0.7914813,0.1183156,0.008698151,0.003414617,0.0008858645,0.0006385891,0.0005656572,0.06723732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05877376,0.8230563,0.08364554,0.006943354,0.004177602,0.001176446,0.001664717,0.0001625395,0.02039986],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01570507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01708138,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01915067306816211,"score_gpt":0.2217672121803768,"score_spread":0.2026165391122147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}