{"id":"W4313329505","doi":"10.24911/ijmdc.51-1670618695","title":"Does medical school affect students&amp;apos; empathy? A cross-sectional study measuring empathy levels among Saudi medical students","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries","topic":"Empathy and Medical Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Empathy; Psychosocial; Psychology; Psychological intervention; Affect (linguistics); Medical school; Clinical psychology; Cross-sectional study; Medicine; Medical education; Social psychology; Psychiatry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01586004,0.0004172408,0.001004613,0.001336788,0.000342661,0.0001817556,0.002575182,0.0002562117,0.008271022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02170289,0.0002797901,0.0002127465,0.0006375715,0.000637361,0.000457297,0.0009267379,0.002398043,0.00002449811],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002215324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005172908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003987419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004176126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9746487,0.000649067,0.002637917,0.0005515832,0.0209775,0.0005352498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947131,0.001080686,0.00100889,0.0003239152,0.00176802,0.001105394],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001088297,0.00154911,0.9645236,0.00008138177,0.0007720611,0.002973104,0.02581936,0.00002884241,0.000007603962,0.00004879581,0.002394278,0.0007136265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01261956,0.0008623073,0.9574696,0.00202746,0.0001005199,0.002254836,0.01613457,0.00002131639,0.00003664721,0.0002402512,0.007945867,0.000287022],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9651785,0.0005273297,0.0003771073,0.02164655,0.01143108,0.0006615937,0.00001289575,0.00005001741,0.0001148472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873018,0.0005567652,0.0001613548,0.007377487,0.003809402,0.0001056679,0.00003684096,0.00004822678,0.0006025162],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02212316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07712612865245368,"score_gpt":0.4456614318054604,"score_spread":0.3685353031530068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}