{"id":"W4313330978","doi":"10.18357/otessac.2022.2.1.125","title":"Feedback Generation through Artificial Intelligence","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Open/Technology in Education Society and Scholarship Association Conference","topic":"Student Assessment and Feedback","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Process (computing); Dashboard; Artificial intelligence; Learning analytics; Educational data mining; Machine learning; Data science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004079707,0.0001208852,0.0001715137,0.00006691349,0.002795342,0.0005687618,0.001060008,0.0002171542,0.0006515369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005237844,0.0001224521,0.00005197798,0.001237987,0.0002421136,0.0008080207,0.0004577507,0.0008522357,0.00002637163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008786204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009710024,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005460516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009400761,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977694,0.000693039,0.0003412781,0.0003451668,0.0005222083,0.0003289719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989479,0.0001984949,0.0003294463,0.0002271202,0.0002600937,0.00003690644],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008932309,0.0002510305,0.08306918,0.000002386856,0.00003053293,1.805314e-7,0.04183679,0.00001833233,0.0006814483,0.8474712,0.003164113,0.02346584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002479563,0.00007021704,0.03064822,0.00001852578,0.00004098857,0.000001795264,0.3688032,0.0003931561,0.0003818625,0.5311739,0.06782398,0.000396173],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8454456,0.0004792678,0.0003690423,0.1404317,0.001420632,0.001032036,0.000009332038,0.00009395587,0.01071849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928135,0.0009538551,0.00116392,0.001696445,0.0001790032,0.0004233902,0.00002463585,0.000008470116,0.002736792],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3269664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985029,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1193818343776422,"score_gpt":0.4038224850280165,"score_spread":0.2844406506503743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}