{"id":"W4313365089","doi":"10.1177/10422587221141678","title":"Leveraging the Lab: How Pre-Founding R&amp;D Collaboration Influences the Internationalization Timing of Academic Spin-Offs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","topic":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Uppsala Universitet; Imperial College London; Turun Yliopisto; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; University of Windsor","keywords":"Internationalization; Spin offs; Business; Political science; Sociology; Industrial organization; International trade","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005325962,0.000132979,0.0002844596,0.001389055,0.001222459,0.003873534,0.000517922,0.0006469504,0.006054795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03166266,0.0001691869,0.0002137613,0.00126443,0.001204653,0.002570314,0.002537321,0.001064938,0.0008134623],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006107643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001448655,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001909314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002716371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973397,0.001202329,0.0001730902,0.000271882,0.0004031776,0.0006098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9356175,0.0291122,0.01729453,0.00328622,0.00262982,0.01205966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"incentives","domain_candidate":"incentives","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003045918,0.0005336748,0.9516407,0.00004008343,0.00004276268,0.0003506563,0.007818044,0.0002861757,0.001352487,0.001248131,0.0004233781,0.03595934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001244703,0.0003840077,0.9793154,0.00005886624,0.00002108627,0.0002595651,0.01446905,0.0003514314,0.0006903028,0.001364102,0.003052953,0.00002080051],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963644,0.0001981087,0.0002624097,0.0002478772,0.00000650329,0.00000748662,0.00003121059,0.000006261315,0.002875696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993094,0.00008298679,0.0001110527,0.0000295,0.000007818213,0.0000075807,0.00002896177,0.000003362122,0.0004193287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.994674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02816671,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04656597163169603,"score_gpt":0.3189331420502987,"score_spread":0.2723671704186027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}