{"id":"W4313404038","doi":"10.1680/jgein.22.00340","title":"Performance of landfill low-permeability liners for minimizing groundwater contamination","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geosynthetics International","topic":"Landfill Environmental Impact Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Leachate; Geomembrane; Aquifer; Geosynthetic clay liner; Groundwater; Permeability (electromagnetism); Geotechnical engineering; Environmental science; Chloride; Limiting; Environmental engineering; Contamination; Hydraulic conductivity; Waste management; Geology; Soil science; Materials science; Chemistry; Engineering; Soil water; Membrane; Metallurgy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005339411,0.0004910048,0.0004412975,0.0003612176,0.0002671382,0.0006288497,0.0005808115,0.0005609425,0.0006785176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000841981,0.0002220072,0.0004141161,0.00030582,0.0003093226,0.0008485209,0.0004178848,0.0001864594,0.0001854565],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008578917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006298813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007535696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008409441,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996413,0.0001218278,0.00002121408,0.00004979895,0.0001086387,0.00005721251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995969,0.0001128137,0.0001520293,0.00003972626,0.00007305796,0.00002552439],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008521331,0.0003138219,0.02361752,0.0002232091,0.00005866668,0.0002663868,0.0001334041,0.7005224,0.2483615,0.0006696185,0.0002784762,0.02470288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008376204,0.00188203,0.01158687,0.00001651738,0.00007008592,0.0001178834,0.0002790819,0.7908477,0.1937007,0.0002943485,0.001055175,0.00006589523],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924712,0.0000789531,0.006747526,0.00002374829,0.00000197503,0.00001524267,0.00005803133,0.0001426129,0.0004607399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979274,0.00005225382,0.001764121,0.000002972038,4.514538e-7,0.000007076799,0.00003296249,0.000006864166,0.0002059578],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007535696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01498365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01074904182423625,"score_gpt":0.2291186278341307,"score_spread":0.2183695860098945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}