{"id":"W4313478317","doi":"10.1017/asr.2022.164","title":"Leonardo A. Villalón and Rahmane Idrissa, eds. Democratic Struggle, Institutional Reform, and State Resilience in the African Sahel. New York: Lexington Books, 2020. 230 pp. Index. $105.00. Hardcover. ISBN: 978-1498569996.","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Studies Review","topic":"African Studies and Geopolitics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Index (typography); Resilience (materials science); Democracy; State (computer science); Political science; Political economy; Economic history; Sociology; History; Law; Politics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002110231,0.0004687763,0.001102508,0.0001127054,0.001880146,0.0001201047,0.0005869349,0.00008877118,0.00003939222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001086983,0.0003302243,0.0001426354,0.002225887,0.002229399,0.0002964083,0.0006151843,0.0004272511,0.00004315697],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003982582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005186189,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008509055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009290968,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956398,0.0005486434,0.0008456684,0.0007590107,0.001085918,0.001120958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979199,0.0007502589,0.0003660224,0.0004641644,0.0001971926,0.0003024593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000974482,0.0001472882,0.01704669,0.002947458,0.0006997444,0.0002529457,0.07296703,0.00003714586,0.000004246273,0.05804515,0.6760677,0.1716872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004372743,0.0001718918,0.01455751,0.001307057,0.0001410078,0.00002249596,0.1275121,0.00001778767,7.032664e-7,0.007581037,0.847712,0.0005392088],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0138485,0.8740433,0.00001920317,0.02730809,0.0003597144,0.001853453,0.00009623206,0.0001543616,0.08231714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3073718,0.686333,0.0000987199,0.001549303,0.0002671942,0.0001343467,0.0000074387,0.00002184003,0.004216367],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2935233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999915,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04085430266504726,"score_gpt":0.3191621655228347,"score_spread":0.2783078628577874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}