{"id":"W4313562042","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.1107005","title":"Detection of silver nanoparticles inside leaf of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research; Universität Zürich; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Beech; Fagus sylvatica; Silver nanoparticle; Nanoparticle; Penetration (warfare); Palisade cell; Botany; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Scanning electron microscope; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Biology; Composite material; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009409017,0.00008385998,0.0001492835,0.000159419,0.0001165288,0.00001684716,0.0003827782,0.00002047092,0.0000494327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000646153,0.00007854904,0.00003237271,0.0007673519,0.00107489,0.0002513676,0.0001711212,0.00004142272,0.0001158804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008532641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001783285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002698486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004442734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986159,0.00006529322,0.0003367983,0.0002990047,0.0003995155,0.0002834762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994681,0.00003468298,0.0001301681,0.0002921712,0.000006479938,0.00006840313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007650121,0.00008048201,0.01485838,0.000006058792,9.890207e-7,0.000001264492,0.000267968,0.0002760864,0.9756095,0.00005248572,0.00004639968,0.00879274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001043884,0.00003473075,0.1850883,0.00001392551,0.000004507549,8.44884e-7,0.0005688533,0.0009078133,0.8128182,0.0002722262,0.0001169523,0.00006926203],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987639,0.000066901,0.0004187624,0.00004427422,0.0001649091,0.0001453179,0.00001464623,0.00002912177,0.0003521561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997005,0.00004092809,0.00286794,0.00001351479,0.00001087571,0.00001391756,7.621016e-7,0.00000896702,0.00003805097],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1702299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3960477,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009707578179692004,"score_gpt":0.2086464712029657,"score_spread":0.1989388930232737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}