{"id":"W4313648826","doi":"10.3390/s23020634","title":"Survey of Explainable AI Techniques in Healthcare","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":530,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Interpretability; Deep learning; Categorization; Health care; Computer science; Field (mathematics); Artificial intelligence; Data science; Medical imaging","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002217089,0.0003747116,0.001597642,0.0008540783,0.00006681421,0.00007857048,0.001614337,0.0003777331,0.000005468838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006302952,0.000348767,0.0002229147,0.003511382,0.00007732349,0.0002226494,0.0004614295,0.0005776649,0.0002898249],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002389671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006028484,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01717574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004523637,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960828,0.0009934847,0.001161261,0.0007353073,0.0003870615,0.0006401142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971392,0.0007885475,0.0004296047,0.001225512,0.0003065352,0.0001106095],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001425595,0.00003840934,0.00004045642,0.009360183,0.00001954273,0.0001384947,0.0002138225,0.00001690668,2.142815e-7,0.009427355,0.0006102986,0.9801329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003928703,0.0002131754,0.00006768738,0.01927325,0.00002871998,0.00002833059,0.00009086762,0.001666684,0.0005171569,0.004221426,0.9727986,0.001054783],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001649199,0.9962899,0.001199103,0.0002517221,0.0003495461,0.001076391,0.0000406505,0.0004228719,0.0003533293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000084846,0.9976227,0.001288572,0.00006241322,0.00003659938,0.00006993923,0.00002998293,0.00005826459,0.0007467342],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9790781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.172470138057368,"score_gpt":0.4127461832334518,"score_spread":0.2402760451760838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}