{"id":"W4313839696","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-23340-1_5","title":"Smart Contracts and DeFi Security and Threats","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Financial innovation and technology","topic":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; Saint John Regional Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Computer security; Hacker; Cryptocurrency; Smart contract; Computer science; Security through obscurity; Business; Internet privacy; Cloud computing security; Security information and event management; Blockchain","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000232224,0.0002465327,0.0003534666,0.0009732799,0.0002438856,0.00005430177,0.0002834988,0.001317294,0.000003674301],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001114958,0.000261675,0.00001468086,0.0006340859,0.0005328403,0.00009389908,0.0005667279,0.0006881195,0.00001596898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001680787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007185324,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007524472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007131082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987096,0.00000516502,0.0003466646,0.0006235824,0.00009611762,0.000218899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989848,0.00005315884,0.000222294,0.0004666361,0.0002429397,0.00003016169],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001533529,0.000007321555,0.0001096546,0.00001516118,0.000008682681,0.00001054284,0.00003383923,3.83074e-9,0.00003046575,0.8395879,0.0005794793,0.1596154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002241198,0.00007053968,0.0005654428,0.00003486697,0.000008752903,0.00007128066,0.000004412926,0.0001535965,0.0001491952,0.8784682,0.1200255,0.000224033],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2858542,0.02933127,0.1008341,0.2150715,0.003475968,0.008312576,0.0007699954,0.021979,0.3343714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9340546,0.006907526,0.008993452,0.002150625,0.0001917593,0.0003005186,0.0001489381,0.0001100899,0.04714248],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6482004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01740629260004599,"score_gpt":0.2359547745384312,"score_spread":0.2185484819383852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}