{"id":"W4313889638","doi":"10.3390/min13010090","title":"Mining Wastes as Road Construction Material: A Review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Minerals","topic":"Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Université Laval; Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique","keywords":"Tailings; Environmental science; Waste management; Road construction; Raw material; Hazardous waste; Environmental impact assessment; Engineering; Civil engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004728521,0.0009402802,0.001146423,0.003377571,0.0003166089,0.001242746,0.0008107719,0.0008518513,0.006058929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008116455,0.0003290633,0.0007894475,0.003857402,0.0003050251,0.001357117,0.0005286391,0.000931979,0.001735421],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005506084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001935973,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001747841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003604353,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997287,0.0000395431,0.00004919562,0.00005481007,0.0001017697,0.00002585664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994947,0.0002368037,0.0001018142,0.0000147525,0.000119678,0.00003220786],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007473923,0.0001234823,0.0003406906,0.1133397,0.0002003741,0.000336074,0.0001592681,0.000616213,0.002780593,0.004451065,0.03057277,0.8470051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000655659,0.00008679533,0.0007227593,0.01049244,0.0002172678,0.0007156502,0.00006599389,0.00005763791,0.0004674398,0.0008148389,0.9863399,0.00001277336],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001975232,0.9982116,0.00009178755,0.0001007147,0.0001158076,0.000006942374,0.00003666388,0.00000621547,0.001232695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006715953,0.9986575,0.0001223877,0.0000617488,0.00004914501,0.000004125183,0.00003711019,0.000001049495,0.0003953468],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006058929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02026916,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1023989766364695,"score_gpt":0.3436689893807542,"score_spread":0.2412700127442847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}