{"id":"W4313889706","doi":"10.3390/en16020732","title":"Recovery and Reuse of Valuable Chemicals Derived from Hydrothermal Carbonization Process Liquid","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrothermal carbonization; Solvent; Chemistry; Furfural; Acetic acid; Carbonization; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Nuclear chemistry; Chemical engineering; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Adsorption; Catalysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004220834,0.00009752819,0.0001411954,0.00005820967,0.00001735746,0.00001169695,0.0001489945,0.00008095479,0.00007783499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001283156,0.00009754846,0.00002045314,0.0002621553,0.00003449755,0.0001254328,0.00006602566,0.00004253042,0.00001020331],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001361449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001329608,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001974902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.160204e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994752,0.000007994402,0.0001459662,0.0001336642,0.0001087336,0.0001284199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996354,0.00008552252,0.00002940177,0.0001780638,0.00003616403,0.00003544443],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002675761,0.00000411213,0.0001270059,0.0001052508,0.00002832829,0.000001234481,0.0004398958,0.008563687,0.990164,0.000006511996,0.0002608773,0.0002723025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001587315,0.00001541511,0.0001445534,0.00004650365,0.00001172303,3.855863e-7,0.0001536867,0.00177197,0.9969028,0.000612462,0.00007015919,0.0001115781],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982886,0.0006919383,0.00001740293,0.00004168528,0.0000778341,0.0000452532,0.00001613773,0.0004189501,0.0004021997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992714,0.0003298735,0.0002021465,0.00001303265,0.00003420958,0.00001514746,0.0000361413,0.0000277213,0.00007035171],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006791717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3977911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007348896054532617,"score_gpt":0.2038566044099019,"score_spread":0.1965077083553693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}