{"id":"W4315652566","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.103774","title":"The effect of icing severity on wind turbine ice protection systems efficiency","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Icing; Environmental science; Icing conditions; Turbine; Ice formation; Meteorology; Wind speed; Marine engineering; Atmospheric sciences; Engineering; Geology; Aerospace engineering; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003424891,0.0002521067,0.000280274,0.000257908,0.0002327325,0.0004746149,0.0001718918,0.0003396593,0.002241224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00150261,0.0001378285,0.0003662696,0.000245509,0.000257591,0.0003881895,0.0002015811,0.0003704957,0.0003001392],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002364296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001684297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001848349,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997804,0.0000350632,0.00001537221,0.00003559934,0.00005981706,0.00007382033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981317,0.001097217,0.0002068719,0.0001105877,0.0003300562,0.0001234907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006385031,0.0004789077,0.1128515,0.0003374988,0.0003100044,0.001184781,0.0002882909,0.3479894,0.4916148,0.000673465,0.001077968,0.03680848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000884952,0.002936681,0.6353401,0.00002271367,0.0002384638,0.0004587712,0.0006952238,0.1148192,0.2437564,0.0002879859,0.00129026,0.00006571477],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974597,0.00004074574,0.0008844704,0.00001652715,0.000009094518,0.000006027572,0.00009346614,0.00002196526,0.001468183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995558,0.00001252299,0.00007966431,0.000005582255,0.000002028143,9.844821e-7,0.00005008898,0.000004090236,0.0002892136],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002241224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007497668,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009604918520256401,"score_gpt":0.2183585164153729,"score_spread":0.2087535978951165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}