{"id":"W4316015796","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2211911120","title":"Locomotion of bovine spermatozoa during the transition from individual cells to bundles","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Micro and Nano Robotics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"German University in Cairo; Technische Universiteit Delft; China Scholarship Council; University of Waterloo; HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia; Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen; University of Twente; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen","keywords":"Beat (acoustics); Synchronization (alternating current); Attraction; Sperm; Biophysics; Biological system; Bundle; Mechanics; Phase transition; Transition (genetics); Physics; Biology; Materials science; Topology (electrical circuits); Acoustics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005037675,0.00005843598,0.00009546178,0.00009739798,0.0001448056,0.00001680164,0.000460111,0.00002488456,0.00003477683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001356202,0.00003569566,0.0000605553,0.0006772571,0.000207222,0.0001753684,0.00008277089,0.00007705185,0.000004304096],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007565966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001467855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002198516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.842214e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989892,0.00000508886,0.0002203174,0.0001163011,0.0005718204,0.00009724349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996108,0.0000603348,0.0002011069,0.000006968598,0.000102542,0.00001818096],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008871139,0.00003768102,0.006167151,0.00002905661,0.00002044461,9.62684e-10,0.001113553,0.00143561,0.9797938,0.01047312,0.0006925507,0.0002281811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001121928,0.0000178181,0.1030122,0.00006334651,0.00001340197,1.917632e-7,0.0006035446,0.0004510242,0.8750544,0.020571,0.00005546014,0.00004544043],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970543,0.00001062236,0.00001505293,0.002002422,0.00001821442,0.0001267812,0.000125166,0.000005962589,0.0006415063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993004,0.0000034273,0.0004707864,0.00004362849,0.0001120011,0.000003322705,0.000001037411,0.000002587616,0.00006278465],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1047394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1455626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0272623968768188,"score_gpt":0.2700443522785907,"score_spread":0.2427819554017719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}