{"id":"W4316020648","doi":"10.32674/jcihe.v14i5a.4779","title":"Canadian and Iranian Graduate Students' Conceptions of Critical Thinking: A Comparative Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Thompson Rivers University","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Preparedness; Competence (human resources); Curriculum; Narrative; Pedagogy; Psychology; Mathematics education; Political science; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00107712,0.0001059582,0.0002569001,0.0004575021,0.0003777957,0.0001524417,0.0004147954,0.00004352897,0.0005261304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001402287,0.0001002294,0.00005861421,0.0004460362,0.000319583,0.0003425552,0.00003389328,0.0002267029,0.0000444589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003861224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001593571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004343807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006429588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977818,0.0003476166,0.0005180459,0.0001380678,0.001034526,0.0001800147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973036,0.0004212086,0.0002263304,0.00007297262,0.00169824,0.0002776495],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003922563,0.001578186,0.1159094,0.00001003063,0.0002171139,0.000004836012,0.390559,0.00001764597,0.00004011163,0.4720687,0.01931564,0.0002401746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003784133,0.0001577701,0.7369379,0.00009833941,0.00004876258,0.000004267934,0.1661134,0.000007898304,0.00002155216,0.04620231,0.04989646,0.0001329293],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9547946,0.00007503953,0.00002913157,0.02667763,0.003420157,0.0002374679,0.000007392448,0.00001533973,0.01474328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952523,0.00002805786,0.0005778443,0.0003538728,0.0004345417,0.0000176993,0.000008940368,0.000005124863,0.003321594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6210285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6566565,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1592834413353068,"score_gpt":0.4968926908423042,"score_spread":0.3376092495069974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}