{"id":"W4317716245","doi":"10.1186/s12891-023-06178-3","title":"The burden of low back pain and its association with socio-demographic variables in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990–2019","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","topic":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","keywords":"Medicine; Demography; Burden of disease; Middle East; Incidence (geometry); Public health; Low back pain; Epidemiology; Population; Prevalence; Environmental health; Geography; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008971521,0.0003690854,0.0002567747,0.001284457,0.0004014573,0.0007262498,0.0003650975,0.0003102125,0.001153593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002097128,0.0002200436,0.0006088443,0.002204141,0.0003519752,0.0008145988,0.0009604879,0.0005486376,0.000252116],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001428805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001070294,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07412237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07469139,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994241,0.0001531368,0.00007698594,0.00008945033,0.0001070737,0.0001493126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993031,0.00005656992,0.0004113617,0.00001924634,0.000125763,0.00008397609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001664513,0.00003341845,0.989772,0.0002665273,0.0002038871,0.0002986724,0.001115137,0.000266289,0.0002442994,0.0001984387,0.001742535,0.005692437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004133206,0.00002021616,0.9975753,0.00008930163,0.00003064379,0.0001546043,0.00067435,0.00009241551,0.00002281514,0.00003865601,0.001293184,0.00000433622],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756304,0.0106458,0.0001534092,0.001543529,0.00007410173,0.00004696534,0.01006082,0.000009892779,0.001835123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949043,0.002295591,0.0001379505,0.0001243859,0.00003869517,0.00004597335,0.002246777,0.000002388515,0.0002039684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07412237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1473818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01932352826004912,"score_gpt":0.2293322779773904,"score_spread":0.2100087497173412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}