{"id":"W4317739163","doi":"10.3390/sym15020318","title":"Ratio Data: Understanding Pitfalls and Knowing When to Standardise","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Symmetry","topic":"Statistical Methods and Applications","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Jewish General Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Variable (mathematics); Value (mathematics); Component (thermodynamics); Computer science; Metric (unit); Mathematics; Statistics; Mathematical analysis; Operations management; Physics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007259666,0.00008505692,0.000155483,0.0000938337,0.0001538323,0.00008437719,0.0001624632,0.00003596232,0.00004512648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001552189,0.0000773109,0.00001581345,0.0003481675,0.00003136399,0.00007317974,0.0002531273,0.00007942705,0.0000617375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004730983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002068008,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007899029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009731597,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991607,0.00003612329,0.000172265,0.0002684282,0.0001713571,0.0001911196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979887,0.001391957,0.00002885748,0.000447923,0.00001974086,0.0001228053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000374416,0.00001107446,0.0001026098,0.00005257208,0.00001963702,0.000003642334,0.0003161681,4.582919e-7,0.0003981768,0.9521989,0.035975,0.01091804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001601861,0.00001954938,0.0003000381,0.00004667987,0.00003404732,0.000001586735,0.001570948,0.001248356,0.0001213198,0.9876537,0.008716768,0.0001267675],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01018906,0.00003595532,0.9822777,0.0012874,0.00009775261,0.0002628625,0.0002726512,0.0001646298,0.005411973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2546684,0.00002294684,0.7437926,0.00028791,0.0002010609,0.00003852555,0.0000455985,0.00004710105,0.0008959027],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2444793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3152647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3713116979787804,"score_gpt":0.4629078722222664,"score_spread":0.09159617424348598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}