{"id":"W4317811063","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.3","title":"Phenologies of Canada thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>) and<i>Cirsium</i>species native to the upper Midwest: implications for the ecological host range of the biocontrol agent<i>Hadroplontus litura</i>","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","topic":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Minnesota; Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; Nature Conservancy; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","keywords":"Cirsium arvense; Thistle; Biology; Weevil; Shoot; Botany; Biological pest control; Weed; Elymus; Agronomy; Poaceae","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008837634,0.0001723042,0.0002460876,0.00002978756,0.00108751,0.00007804083,0.001086183,0.00004867945,0.00001376319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000994674,0.00004704634,0.00008922509,0.0008270919,0.00129814,0.00008386096,0.0006688709,0.00009749423,0.000001963863],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000619067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000679979,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00429477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1128998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984019,0.00007937929,0.0002829381,0.0004052304,0.0003854891,0.0004450546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996994,0.002251433,0.0001974368,0.000190506,0.0002883188,0.0000783534],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004814152,0.0003405355,0.06744219,0.0002438596,0.0005026846,0.00001747906,0.002624444,0.0003113511,0.5493082,0.203796,0.1487064,0.02622543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001898574,0.0002199064,0.9421948,0.00002622412,0.00004468466,0.000003528967,0.002727885,0.00002493086,0.004328821,0.001018685,0.04909005,0.0001306347],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8475666,0.0008342189,0.00001372714,0.146388,0.0003572782,0.002479621,0.001204249,0.0000354205,0.00112086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945735,0.001080596,0.00002916931,0.00351404,0.00006347358,0.0003025581,0.000006577201,0.000001090924,0.0004289345],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8747526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9032875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03020284117177429,"score_gpt":0.212302758619103,"score_spread":0.1820999174473287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}