{"id":"W4317811063","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.3","title":"Phenologies of Canada thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>) and<i>Cirsium</i>species native to the upper Midwest: implications for the ecological host range of the biocontrol agent<i>Hadroplontus litura</i>","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","topic":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Minnesota; Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; Nature Conservancy; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","keywords":"Cirsium arvense; Thistle; Biology; Weevil; Shoot; Botany; Biological pest control; Weed; Elymus; Agronomy; Poaceae","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001051436,0.0001192336,0.000107137,0.0003850536,0.0002397296,0.0002653332,0.0001176897,0.0000906318,0.0006508795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001492647,0.00006528995,0.0001083679,0.0002112576,0.0001035415,0.0001260634,0.0001431555,0.0001748498,0.00006036497],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005366988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002298253,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07456369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2518873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999584,0.00000453179,0.000002355371,0.00001467172,0.000006209429,0.0000137918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997266,0.00004546662,0.00008680523,0.000008269385,0.00004576692,0.00008712703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002018241,0.0001028224,0.9274244,0.00003900484,0.00004091252,0.00009524719,0.0006861108,0.0001535678,0.06596232,0.00004871826,0.000130807,0.005114119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.012146e-7,0.00002531508,0.9995388,9.781876e-7,0.000002019029,0.00001384734,0.0001277738,0.00004144986,0.0001820984,0.00000171081,0.00006471682,7.606931e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996529,0.00004749104,0.00001744196,0.000003809196,5.315788e-7,0.000002218201,0.0001081773,0.000001710833,0.0001659291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994821,0.0000293391,0.00005239676,0.00000572379,5.401739e-7,0.000002782512,0.0002409591,7.309416e-7,0.0001853533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9254363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1482593,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03020284117177429,"score_gpt":0.212302758619103,"score_spread":0.1820999174473287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}