{"id":"W4318019030","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118285","title":"CFD study of particle backflow in pneumatic conveying systems due to triboelectrification","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Horizon 2020; European Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Backflow; Mechanics; Computational fluid dynamics; Duct (anatomy); Particle (ecology); CFD-DEM; Materials science; Inlet; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002397339,0.00009861986,0.0002651506,0.0005429311,0.00002255955,0.000009810853,0.0001796632,0.0001122255,0.000005748953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005947993,0.0001040113,0.00001796562,0.002017622,0.00001553699,0.00003949045,0.00002684915,0.0001330734,0.0001735144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004537167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000718287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000361593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004805629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990959,0.00003145176,0.0003345989,0.0001569314,0.0001019928,0.0002791632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999559,0.00004345368,0.00002189468,0.0003163605,0.00002895173,0.00003030268],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001933862,0.0002914808,0.0286331,0.0002785645,0.00008594699,0.00007407938,0.003198897,0.007300881,0.9353069,0.003693357,0.0004911788,0.02062626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004473287,0.0008946746,0.0237928,0.0002002912,0.0000686807,0.00005287957,0.01288195,0.4940549,0.4607408,0.001117081,0.000953355,0.0007693574],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996602,0.0002259987,0.0014756,0.0001713103,0.0001749713,0.0005572296,0.000001878853,0.0007489957,0.00004201679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996873,0.00001248714,0.00003579961,0.000004525059,0.00000767693,0.0002089985,0.000002420801,0.00002356275,0.00001719446],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.486754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4241458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01500646421046498,"score_gpt":0.2348282500231642,"score_spread":0.2198217858126992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}