{"id":"W4318065638","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136159","title":"Three pathways towards elimination of CO2 emissions from industrial plants that use hydrocarbon fuels","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Project 211; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Refinery; Waste management; Petrochemical; Flue gas; Natural gas; Environmental science; Energy carrier; Electricity generation; Thermal energy; Methane; Thermal power station; Renewable energy; Process engineering; Engineering; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003887937,0.000146331,0.0002934076,0.0004446657,0.0000189322,0.00002698534,0.0001810914,0.0002322554,0.00001261513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006959055,0.0001279349,0.0001060719,0.0003200743,0.0000447744,0.0004244894,0.00004172589,0.0004647658,0.000004518266],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001135373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000386047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003087961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001939995,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987471,0.00002353131,0.0004651097,0.0001415051,0.0004549632,0.000167783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992048,0.00007023761,0.0002932558,0.0002668417,0.0001119919,0.00005289706],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002369621,0.00006736029,0.003824725,0.00005796724,0.0002516994,0.00006611686,0.001001962,0.05963103,0.7628073,0.00006332841,0.03643578,0.1355557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007470935,0.0001431062,0.04789763,0.0002894724,0.0000965445,0.00009080535,0.0009745919,0.002899333,0.9400972,0.003379862,0.003144063,0.0002403462],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958922,0.0002119957,0.000302991,0.0005499949,0.002437087,0.0001340834,0.00002156521,0.0003362826,0.0001137447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984699,0.0003892181,0.0002694346,0.000004212828,0.0007928943,0.00000293186,0.00001482206,0.0000310506,0.00002548093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1772898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5217033,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07833650356645275,"score_gpt":0.236121446757415,"score_spread":0.1577849431909623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}