{"id":"W4318218259","doi":"10.1080/21622671.2022.2158922","title":"What is a territory? Comparative federalism and state formation in North America","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Territory Politics Governance","topic":"Political Systems and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Federalism; State (computer science); Politics; Government (linguistics); Empire; Political science; Centralized government; Public administration; Political economy; Law; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00103037,0.00004886547,0.0002337138,0.001132827,0.005198386,0.0038027,0.00029002,0.000481183,0.002594945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001922521,0.0000912952,0.0001217183,0.001820144,0.01102866,0.00251695,0.001820243,0.0005379728,0.00006482324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01396372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005570128,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3427845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5966098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998919,0.0005716809,0.00002183143,0.0001078652,0.0001049248,0.0002747109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992525,0.0003572878,0.0001068881,0.00005611598,0.0001223791,0.0001048919],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002242047,0.0000169663,0.009596629,0.00004021343,0.00001282859,0.0001150479,0.05050828,0.0004151975,0.0001660218,0.9233452,0.001135446,0.01462581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002718659,0.00004833466,0.2325235,0.0005270059,0.00005777221,0.0003674715,0.1932472,0.001573882,0.0004060198,0.3319985,0.2391785,0.00004461273],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6666781,0.00452143,0.0011992,0.004563869,0.00003001733,0.000009152378,0.00004817543,0.000007131415,0.322943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997972,0.0004614858,0.0001090918,0.00005833544,0.000003656766,0.00000375149,0.00001085685,0.000001455016,0.001379381],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6572155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6815786,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0345816437996519,"score_gpt":0.3116284254122316,"score_spread":0.2770467816125797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}