{"id":"W4318262767","doi":"10.1108/s0147-912120230000050011","title":"Right-to-Work Laws, Unionization, and Wage Setting","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Positive Living Society of British Columbia; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Wage; Differential (mechanical device); Differential effects; Affect (linguistics); Economics; Right to work; Instrumental variable; Labour economics; Work (physics); Law; Econometrics; Engineering; Political science; Medicine; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007320947,0.0001771526,0.0001957107,0.00007181988,0.000602939,0.0001453594,0.0001815397,0.0002120016,0.001887708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001082581,0.0001595312,0.00005748908,0.00009979282,0.000218742,0.00006638047,0.0001257316,0.0001193259,0.000594205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001329959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008579333,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008231458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005111033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985687,0.00004774346,0.000255736,0.0003875796,0.0004637961,0.0002764729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992838,0.0001245537,0.00007649536,0.0002168935,0.0001058576,0.0001924313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002692336,0.00000936853,0.003947348,0.00003072718,0.00003093303,0.000003630866,0.003541279,0.000002780558,7.249274e-7,0.9497859,0.03865919,0.003985411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008021614,0.00002327387,0.001025366,0.0001505385,0.00003186146,9.900991e-8,0.000701883,0.000001544331,0.000004951301,0.08470519,0.9129398,0.0003352739],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003047219,0.00004727682,0.00008983348,0.004808842,0.000537148,0.0005144178,0.00001201584,0.0002516158,0.9934341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005450231,0.0003464126,0.0002171316,0.0004638808,0.0004903594,0.00001099447,0.00003705895,0.00003992678,0.992944],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8742806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990247,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1359545431729505,"score_gpt":0.3746021331100692,"score_spread":0.2386475899371187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}