{"id":"W4318328601","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.873730","title":"Tween 20 Stabilized Conventional Heavy Crude Oil-In-Water Emulsions Formed by Mechanical Homogenization","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Emulsion; Creaming; Homogenization (climate); Turbidity; Pulmonary surfactant; Salinity; Chromatography; Chemistry; Mixing (physics); Crude oil; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003911304,0.0004161405,0.0003759065,0.000270826,0.000131694,0.0002929385,0.0002329968,0.0002515566,0.0005638018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003283654,0.0001576569,0.0003208811,0.0002150222,0.0002402685,0.0003964468,0.0002529969,0.0003912249,0.0001707804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002369272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002192298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004079146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008916151,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997513,0.00002797636,0.00002764119,0.00008452028,0.00007208247,0.00003647601],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998333,0.00003322192,0.00006805329,0.00001209638,0.00003471112,0.00001852686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003996072,0.000008957992,0.00004738028,0.00002394322,0.00000334682,0.00001063982,0.00000666732,0.00003236892,0.9991739,0.00002069942,0.000003380857,0.0006287231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000653338,0.0002315959,0.0007303521,0.000002039214,0.00001415148,0.00002041953,0.00000759123,0.000331556,0.9982156,0.00001382528,0.0004239058,0.000002493073],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825692,0.001108116,0.01527668,0.00003189649,0.00003809806,0.0000818425,0.00006776491,0.00006040468,0.000766016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819026,0.0009523756,0.01515368,0.00004030573,0.00001696633,0.00007206024,0.0001522805,0.00003406795,0.001675721],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005638018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00206852,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007223503155158973,"score_gpt":0.2157321401764102,"score_spread":0.2085086370212513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}