{"id":"W4318328601","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.873730","title":"Tween 20 Stabilized Conventional Heavy Crude Oil-In-Water Emulsions Formed by Mechanical Homogenization","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Emulsion; Creaming; Homogenization (climate); Turbidity; Pulmonary surfactant; Salinity; Chromatography; Chemistry; Mixing (physics); Crude oil; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000934109,0.0001273611,0.0001648622,0.0001678337,0.000530082,0.00004587796,0.0004487907,0.00003495336,0.001839274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003648658,0.0001169364,0.00003850542,0.0004415239,0.0004233456,0.0004770471,0.0004326048,0.0001355824,0.00002793334],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000856071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004566119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005248976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002403362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977252,0.0001458736,0.0003552297,0.0005251556,0.0007293247,0.0005192111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999548,0.00002340911,0.00006072931,0.0002386471,0.000005643337,0.00012363],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006346116,0.000308341,0.03756494,0.000004220497,9.860129e-7,0.000003536702,0.0005205586,0.003231211,0.9567448,0.00005149713,0.0005148984,0.0009915516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003771394,0.000369653,0.04165282,0.00002730533,0.00001565812,0.00001818906,0.004231586,0.05147533,0.8722376,0.003003179,0.02233375,0.0008635761],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939562,0.00008376678,0.004542057,0.0002155112,0.0007400488,0.0001963333,0.0001204961,0.00002710044,0.000118502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996275,0.00002037365,0.003050576,0.00008462798,0.00001184723,0.0001194089,0.00009317343,0.00001208973,0.0003329226],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08450725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990732,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007223503155158973,"score_gpt":0.2157321401764102,"score_spread":0.2085086370212513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}