{"id":"W4318464462","doi":"10.5539/elt.v16n2p131","title":"An Investigation into Digital Literacy and Autonomous Learning of High School Students","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Digital literacy in education","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Mathematics education; Digital literacy; Literacy; Autonomy; Agency (philosophy); Learner autonomy; Pedagogy; Language acquisition; The Internet; Educational technology; Language education; Sociology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001696149,0.0002095869,0.0003953379,0.002007415,0.002734439,0.003249514,0.0004371277,0.0007975674,0.002315948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005173481,0.0003334056,0.0003495504,0.001288883,0.002148673,0.001499602,0.001780281,0.001499664,0.0003819238],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001024792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001475439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003489362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00608537,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982976,0.0007382761,0.0001245885,0.0001305816,0.0003066267,0.0004022912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99481,0.002072923,0.001061248,0.0001946488,0.0006078497,0.001253302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001255145,0.001882906,0.5618393,0.0001420886,0.00002032256,0.001064162,0.4110799,0.00003484522,0.002683711,0.001283602,0.0002262187,0.01961737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001541509,0.001021802,0.4971785,0.00006669549,0.00002151441,0.0006910784,0.493846,0.0001728434,0.001179777,0.0005318114,0.00524062,0.00003394173],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989517,0.00002341716,0.00003043302,0.0000435595,0.000001401983,0.000009455253,0.0000052463,7.389657e-7,0.0009340312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999263,0.00004592636,0.00005117791,0.00005283824,0.000002958488,0.00001225871,0.000008141543,7.20964e-7,0.0005629844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003489362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008970201,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004944921062964192,"score_gpt":0.2809033566522148,"score_spread":0.2759584355892506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}