{"id":"W4318481751","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4300678","title":"Valuing Pharmaceutical Drug Innovations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Drug; Business; Medicine; Pharmacology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004201687,0.0006254045,0.0008485257,0.002345327,0.0006233167,0.007950648,0.0005600138,0.004412337,0.00976783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01982584,0.0002160083,0.0005161178,0.001672254,0.001893656,0.007259059,0.001616729,0.002221957,0.0006176776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004142347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001868299,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006749147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009007053,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976159,0.0009328912,0.0001111173,0.0002963326,0.0007275782,0.0003162076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9912389,0.005170245,0.001250712,0.0004830439,0.0009195742,0.0009375556],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004291797,0.0003367514,0.01253653,0.0003268211,0.0001669331,0.0004118067,0.0003239552,0.02243528,0.00292444,0.8131126,0.006369913,0.1406258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004826563,0.0004610397,0.008612864,0.0002678913,0.0001007262,0.0001837233,0.0008707477,0.03108729,0.001716373,0.9288278,0.02777212,0.00005119152],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5236956,0.01607771,0.03716886,0.03286745,0.0007665178,0.0002305067,0.0007979621,0.0001730969,0.3882223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986312,0.002136237,0.001715978,0.0004046218,0.0002648335,0.00002073448,0.00008864848,0.00001150281,0.009045581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00976783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03267664,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05936415886304829,"score_gpt":0.3207463995960076,"score_spread":0.2613822407329593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}