{"id":"W4318595373","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2023/v29i11720","title":"Policy Review: Academic Cheating in Online Examinations during the COVID-19 Pandemic","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","topic":"Smart Systems and Machine Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Cheating; Pandemic; Academic integrity; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Misconduct; Isolation (microbiology); Academic dishonesty; Psychology; Mainstream; The Internet; Medical education; Internet privacy; Public relations; Political science; Computer science; Medicine; Social psychology; World Wide Web; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03934591,0.001117154,0.003431591,0.006852667,0.003599819,0.01095003,0.005437638,0.03297328,0.02532441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2113609,0.001357182,0.003413801,0.006878616,0.00580127,0.007944508,0.003636486,0.01793697,0.008364417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01804688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06550932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03329514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03452756,"domain_scores_codex":[0.950366,0.0241971,0.006240413,0.002572693,0.01256618,0.004057677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6794677,0.1959994,0.03422577,0.003790993,0.07426228,0.01225396],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001125935,0.00006946671,0.0008510206,0.02088867,0.0002040965,0.000168115,0.0001792932,0.0002006068,0.00006295312,0.00952177,0.8600555,0.1076859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002064373,0.0001107599,0.003533987,0.1024882,0.0005729683,0.0002577284,0.0005768011,0.0001811353,0.0001935751,0.004635678,0.8871608,0.0000818104],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004955657,0.2801814,0.0003461498,0.6698163,0.02882614,0.0003269849,0.001228495,0.0000910757,0.0186879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01373802,0.4033078,0.0009594082,0.5519708,0.02140649,0.00108327,0.0006439897,0.00007886177,0.00681142],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9670267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2080835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1492370218645163,"score_gpt":0.4616240283417291,"score_spread":0.3123870064772128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}