{"id":"W4318617276","doi":"10.1007/s00128-022-03672-7","title":"Surfactant-Containing Foam Effectively Enhanced the Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Heavily Contaminated Soil","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program","keywords":"Phenanthrene; Naphthalene; Pulmonary surfactant; Rhamnolipid; Chemistry; Environmental remediation; Environmental chemistry; Soil contamination; Volatilisation; Adsorption; Contamination; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Leaching (pedology); Soil water; Organic chemistry; Environmental science; Bacteria; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001061036,0.0003829708,0.0002846099,0.0002985604,0.0001249286,0.0002563731,0.0001418806,0.0004325573,0.0008340167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002517339,0.00009889994,0.0002546976,0.0001817713,0.000120857,0.0002300496,0.0002837989,0.0002446556,0.0002088819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001080129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002679456,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001204338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002053137,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998833,0.00001338892,0.000008317605,0.00001467581,0.00003979521,0.0000404766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998461,0.00003619117,0.00002211767,0.000008113429,0.0000555861,0.00003190364],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005101163,0.00001077756,0.0001630298,0.00003337878,0.000003669214,0.00003345686,0.000009981263,0.00004267839,0.9972765,0.00001590126,0.00001726586,0.002342266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003449826,0.0001592309,0.00135702,0.000004225771,0.00001410147,0.00005101215,0.00001989537,0.0005701418,0.9971297,0.00001828826,0.0006688866,0.00000393818],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959773,0.000834452,0.002121807,0.00004628394,0.00002638264,0.0000125643,0.00008188724,0.00004419461,0.000855151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959671,0.0005496631,0.001317311,0.00002735137,0.000007380868,0.000007361073,0.0001006632,0.000009609149,0.002013513],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001204338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002790093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007026336999280472,"score_gpt":0.2051641846073543,"score_spread":0.1981378476080738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}