{"id":"W4318777096","doi":"10.3390/su15032627","title":"Cradle-to-Grave Lifecycle Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Light-Duty Passenger Vehicles in China: Towards a Carbon-Neutral Future","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Argonne National Laboratory; University of Chicago; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Electrification; Gasoline; Environmental science; Electricity; Biofuel; Fossil fuel; Battery electric vehicle; Electric vehicle; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004620161,0.0005218631,0.0002419226,0.00183675,0.0004150188,0.000637143,0.0005005076,0.0003144538,0.0006446378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003463629,0.0002526223,0.001114653,0.00131126,0.0003613826,0.0007390179,0.0005918437,0.0002031467,0.00007188405],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002545811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001886333,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2392932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.138025,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998209,0.00001909301,0.00001180237,0.0000360315,0.00004907284,0.00006306855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998319,0.00003123783,0.00003794303,0.00001293448,0.00006676168,0.00001921027],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001879829,0.0001126388,0.5690722,0.0001847768,0.0001869316,0.0007372558,0.0004348482,0.3929889,0.006296168,0.004925207,0.0006720503,0.02420113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001845421,0.0001030916,0.596875,0.00002926594,0.0001397231,0.00008661187,0.001041438,0.3948162,0.003161726,0.001894992,0.001783065,0.00005022151],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965631,0.0001320735,0.00160034,0.0000558419,0.000001733369,0.0000157272,0.0004707187,0.00001773287,0.001142711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983733,0.0001275754,0.0004256373,0.000006712851,0.000001330188,0.00001080992,0.0006630438,0.000004533772,0.0003871188],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2392932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4758008,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004109879136393912,"score_gpt":0.2295688906638912,"score_spread":0.2254590115274973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}