{"id":"W4318814799","doi":"10.1177/20563051221150403","title":"From Facebook to YouTube: The Potential Exposure to COVID-19 Anti-Vaccine Videos on Social Media","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Media + Society","topic":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McMaster University; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Oxford; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Social media; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Internet privacy; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Online video; Advertising; Psychology; Media studies; Computer science; Sociology; World Wide Web; Multimedia; Virology; Medicine; Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001584384,0.0003929939,0.0006000915,0.00009637088,0.004009607,0.0002759286,0.001071204,0.0005597634,0.001500201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003193998,0.0003406855,0.0007043064,0.001592516,0.0001066305,0.0002112417,0.0003267762,0.0006073121,0.001947425],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006271033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009040689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007353654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01435024,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953778,0.0005444551,0.0005072809,0.0007643172,0.001635925,0.001170164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968087,0.001700905,0.0001685334,0.0003298227,0.0002214784,0.0007705409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004698894,0.00003596222,0.0003210753,0.000007221423,0.00007010905,0.00001766962,0.5066577,0.00002041177,0.0004874045,0.0009121515,0.4875674,0.003855861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002441173,0.0001024578,0.06119333,0.0000338905,0.0002051134,5.113396e-7,0.5609376,0.00001288846,0.0001682821,0.01137541,0.362509,0.001020384],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8178151,0.00009822823,0.0002093585,0.1731258,0.004512829,0.001549138,0.0005576654,0.0007397174,0.001392258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.960218,0.000223444,0.00008865997,0.01686111,0.02140616,0.0002691145,0.0001485188,0.00007300453,0.0007119865],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1562646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999045,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0481647998238708,"score_gpt":0.329564171683515,"score_spread":0.2813993718596442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}