{"id":"W4318815870","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127434","title":"Experimental investigation on fracture characteristics by liquid nitrogen compound fracturing in coal","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Coal Properties and Utilization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Hydraulic fracturing; Fracture (geology); Coalbed methane; Coal; Fracturing fluid; Volume (thermodynamics); Borehole; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Filtration (mathematics); Comminution; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Coal mining; Waste management; Metallurgy; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003223262,0.0002395918,0.0002228968,0.0003053585,0.0006694497,0.0001679628,0.0004070939,0.0004566285,0.002909298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008318282,0.0001481365,0.0002194829,0.0003015734,0.0006605306,0.0003017241,0.0002143864,0.0003545497,0.0002139314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002936804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001727079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001808926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002008386,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997279,0.0000384263,0.00001341543,0.0000358613,0.0001116674,0.00007266788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992197,0.000396504,0.00009891995,0.0001043068,0.000150069,0.00003052092],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009826438,0.0001617156,0.003029394,0.00004871417,0.000008356264,0.0001196904,0.0002011223,0.0008386546,0.9913281,0.0001495341,0.00005414598,0.003077901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001886422,0.001076268,0.01118754,0.000004416264,0.000009168716,0.0001041515,0.0001337111,0.002506913,0.9845595,0.00004865446,0.0003414764,0.000009350881],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998897,0.00005359441,0.0005065345,0.000009252228,0.000003217496,0.000006985534,0.00006368063,0.000008568149,0.0004512379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989212,0.00004116358,0.0004253111,0.000004529978,0.000003438793,0.000005498137,0.00006085521,0.000006213249,0.0005317639],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002909298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009732604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02039633537287715,"score_gpt":0.2219587571410783,"score_spread":0.2015624217682012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}