{"id":"W4319022798","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102493","title":"Taxing bitcoin: Incentivizing the difficulty adjustment mechanism to reduce electricity usage","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Review of Financial Analysis","topic":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"York University","keywords":"Electricity; Commodity; Economics; Microeconomics; Subsidy; Economic rent; Payment; Industrial organization; Monetary economics; Market economy; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002038126,0.0005329781,0.0005909225,0.0006590189,0.0006739551,0.001838154,0.001275849,0.001326023,0.01285417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01411917,0.0002088992,0.0003141922,0.0008868838,0.0009943424,0.003562685,0.001665749,0.001592573,0.001184645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008583884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001746211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002078527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002448845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989653,0.0004044265,0.00004130646,0.0001316164,0.0002627714,0.0001945801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934446,0.003239813,0.0008116991,0.001009878,0.0009174545,0.0005765915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00273582,0.001103,0.01136394,0.0005820203,0.0001661846,0.0005430989,0.0003743594,0.2597559,0.01758118,0.3574989,0.02712655,0.3211691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002559235,0.0002688802,0.002958287,0.00009113338,0.00005185408,0.0002691079,0.0001849589,0.7638934,0.006738856,0.2113746,0.01385211,0.00006096657],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4311304,0.001550815,0.4884758,0.008177317,0.000850014,0.0005411078,0.0007622152,0.002835528,0.06567678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901004,0.0001657164,0.00605319,0.0001555442,0.00004390041,0.00003407419,0.00006797264,0.00005085588,0.003328406],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01285417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04300147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0143341016785252,"score_gpt":0.2827817364805467,"score_spread":0.2684476348020214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}