{"id":"W4319301222","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104823","title":"Hierarchy and Information","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hierarchy; Bureaucracy; Set (abstract data type); Government (linguistics); Quarter (Canadian coin); Benchmark (surveying); Economics; Public economics; Public administration; Business; Public relations; Political science; Computer science; Politics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008195907,0.00002135478,0.00005349422,0.00008968082,0.00008715563,0.0001391299,0.00006617153,0.0000293926,0.00002891417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000217141,0.00002021689,0.00001976465,0.0001262835,0.00003811751,0.002599726,0.00001336804,0.00003725414,0.00002428911],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007974199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001349279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001673118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003949308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996076,0.00002210498,0.0001791884,0.00001984986,0.00007502382,0.00009621705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996393,0.00003338181,0.0001786784,0.00002423835,0.0000577215,0.00006667636],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006460301,0.000009994361,0.04544963,0.000005233281,0.0000141,9.897715e-7,0.00455345,0.0001177234,0.000002149711,0.822577,0.01405033,0.1132129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001831577,0.00001978104,0.0255068,0.000002870486,0.00000218671,0.000001606818,0.00182639,0.0003445072,0.000005421561,0.008298869,0.963776,0.00003244223],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9699734,0.00003038959,0.0007937324,0.01198982,0.00040973,0.00003657469,0.000002351845,0.00001235677,0.01675167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936285,0.005353302,0.0001136158,0.0004433383,0.0001894699,4.043278e-7,0.000002167372,0.000001811298,0.0002673811],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9497256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1884739,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02869806255755225,"score_gpt":0.2649981595325506,"score_spread":0.2363000969749983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}