{"id":"W4319440117","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202244325","title":"HOLISMOKES","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; University of Colorado Boulder; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Cabinet Office, Government of Japan; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; University of Oxford; York University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Space Telescope Science Institute; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Carnegie Mellon University; Princeton University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Johns Hopkins University; University of Washington; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Toray Science Foundation; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Ohio State University; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Yale University; Vanderbilt University; Japan Science and Technology Agency; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Academia Sinica","keywords":"Physics; Galaxy; Convolutional neural network; Astrophysics; Gravitational lens; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Einstein radius; Redshift; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Bayesian probability","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007420382,0.0001968032,0.0001796456,0.00008345277,0.0002875271,0.00008621922,0.0001384814,0.00002302451,0.0001774906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001495386,0.0002025397,0.00007853402,0.0003012741,0.00008825219,0.0004322795,0.0001052452,0.0001366582,0.0005044937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001606658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000392954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005690474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.433398e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989861,0.00002429834,0.0002098948,0.0002418796,0.0001351294,0.0004026596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994805,0.00002808331,0.00009695539,0.0002287376,0.00004602308,0.0001197177],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005205099,0.00003793104,0.9380838,0.00000630034,0.0000515407,1.384806e-8,0.0004052369,0.000158327,0.0001384588,0.02919059,0.001045827,0.03087682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003804198,0.00003982118,0.9772495,0.00000843474,0.00001941175,3.444613e-7,0.001005345,0.0004577886,0.0002748426,0.005022762,0.01533986,0.0002014628],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807785,0.000009743145,0.01776943,0.0001151986,0.000147182,0.000127529,0.00004572806,0.0001399555,0.0008667547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939251,0.000002025974,0.004697999,0.000002046371,0.0005448577,0.00003442967,0.0002151886,0.00002365805,0.0005547215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03916576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8259327,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008145499099453888,"score_gpt":0.2039001892596704,"score_spread":0.1957546901602165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}