{"id":"W4319457229","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-44-318780-3.00020-8","title":"Ecologic Studies","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Epidemiologic Methods","topic":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Fallacy; Epistemology; Computer science; Management science; Philosophy; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001855842,0.0007302201,0.0006231067,0.003073283,0.0009461796,0.002764146,0.0009447653,0.001075511,0.05139321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004026026,0.0003513021,0.0003422714,0.002959824,0.002325309,0.002219538,0.001587554,0.00175496,0.01147232],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00125231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001523955,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003395991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009440824,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999175,0.0004340013,0.00002890799,0.0001061083,0.000211483,0.00004440463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983488,0.001071429,0.00005287228,0.0002291052,0.0002300198,0.00006771844],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006748796,0.00003271492,0.0007848311,0.0002702016,0.00001797473,0.00004548299,0.0004079363,0.0002963648,0.00008175967,0.614606,0.2717897,0.1116602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003361969,0.000007372103,0.00118329,0.0003420489,0.000006428604,0.0001144865,0.0003914175,0.0001850372,0.00006392402,0.1865534,0.8111439,0.00000540273],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001053585,0.06585803,0.01856107,0.01709594,0.003273654,0.0001079907,0.001564974,0.0001922411,0.8922925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04459518,0.1044343,0.03011445,0.01452084,0.007435787,0.0003875536,0.002712938,0.0003321547,0.7954668],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05139321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1719274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5221496385257907,"score_gpt":0.5493685604827873,"score_spread":0.0272189219569966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}