{"id":"W4319461790","doi":"10.1111/cdev.13910","title":"Cheating among elementary school children: A machine learning approach","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Child Development","topic":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Cheating; Psychology; Mathematics education; Primary education; Developmental psychology; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003339423,0.0006493008,0.0005739374,0.005655654,0.0008050324,0.001725219,0.000807434,0.0007532412,0.001554596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01087766,0.0002813822,0.0009140653,0.002779477,0.0006702311,0.001286508,0.0008613589,0.001998656,0.0003101202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001362657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009690708,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01023041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01135694,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983459,0.0009824962,0.0001157318,0.0002651618,0.0001420066,0.0001488822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9876836,0.009787942,0.00127167,0.0004116026,0.0005678351,0.0002772387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001127611,0.0005444615,0.8984688,0.00009589209,0.0002087881,0.0001373993,0.0009736768,0.008471872,0.0003614897,0.001624155,0.0007330822,0.08826763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001366102,0.0003456209,0.5233769,0.0001214143,0.0001236777,0.0002044996,0.002873749,0.4641864,0.0005998368,0.007037756,0.001068276,0.00004818282],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9692897,0.0006391243,0.02578551,0.001015913,0.00001900373,0.000198894,0.0007837401,0.0001044699,0.002163607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851748,0.0001831948,0.01377387,0.00003257262,0.00002184104,0.00008752469,0.0003862095,0.000005218536,0.0003347567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01023041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02034175,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01592660458075825,"score_gpt":0.2615858023946594,"score_spread":0.2456591978139011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}