{"id":"W4319585932","doi":"10.32920/22056791","title":"Colour as a Discrete Ground of Discrimination","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Discrimination and Equality Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Statistics Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Race (biology); Common ground; Argument (complex analysis); Figure–ground; Jurisprudence; Social psychology; Sociology; Political science; Psychology; Law; Gender studies; Perception","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001183091,0.000137472,0.0002571321,0.0001395508,0.0002042174,0.0001546991,0.0004320315,0.0002695858,0.0007472464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005775042,0.0001309898,0.0001669654,0.0001988388,0.000348125,0.0001484151,0.0003745663,0.0001964542,0.0002760662],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001225939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003291841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05042142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02830823,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980544,0.0002905475,0.0003647477,0.0003122234,0.0007392492,0.0002387831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990121,0.0001588763,0.0002393951,0.0002670817,0.0002133996,0.0001091602],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007493082,0.00004284021,0.0001714287,0.0001126211,0.00002519918,0.000001728203,0.0272631,0.00001093316,0.000009789434,0.9688075,0.002299641,0.001247676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000235619,0.00005620524,0.01833861,0.0002192633,0.0001084011,1.58832e-7,0.04205359,0.000105564,0.0001386354,0.913969,0.02433212,0.0004428466],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1009815,0.00001152937,0.00143221,0.01414721,0.001572201,0.0005810331,0.00005483938,0.0003228206,0.8808967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.900064,0.0001049162,0.0002409643,0.0001327124,0.0001424364,0.00004590824,0.00009330739,0.00001735348,0.09915844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7990825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9894226,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1514422212104221,"score_gpt":0.4337927961591117,"score_spread":0.2823505749486896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}